Field Of Study Glossary

 

Social Sciences Glossary

I've made this glossary to help people to understand certain words or phrases that may be unknown or that you doubt about.

accused
noun
A person or group of people who are charged with or on trial for a crime.
Example: The test was extended by the CJA to material "which might reasonably be considered capable of undermining the case for the prosecution against the ACCUSED or of assisting the case for the ACCUSED".
en: accusé(e)
attachment
noun
Affection, fondness, or sympathy for someone or something.
Example: This child was removed from the care of his natural mother before he was three months old and Bowlby's theory would support the idea that the child should have been capable of forming a successful ATTACHMENT relationship with his main caregiver(s) provided that the care delivered was consistent and sensitive to the child's needs.
en: attachement
civil rights
civil rights
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
Example: Though this was not entirely due to selfless willing to promote CIVIL RIGHTS- the large numbers of blacks in industry made their unionisation imperative, it nevertheless gave them access to the unions.
en: droits civiques
communism
noun
A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Example: "The huge suffering caused by the collectivisation and other policies of the Great Leap Forward can only have impacted negatively on the Chinese people's perceptions of COMMUNISM."
en: communisme
constitution
noun
A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
Example: Lord Woolf, 'The Rule of Law and a Change in the CONSTITUTION', March 03, 2004, Following the secularisation of Natural Law emerged the Social Contract Theory, presenting law as a consented contractual arrangement between citizens and the state.
en: constitution
culture
noun
The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.
Example: For instance both the Armenian and Bosnian genocides involved making claims upon land, and the minority groups becoming deposed in order for the ruling parties to ''cleanse' the area of their presence, and destroy their CULTURE'.
en: culture
custody
noun
Parental responsibility, especially as allocated to one of two divorcing parents.
Example: Men are also subject to inequalities, such as child CUSTODY, frequently awarded to females.
en: (la) garde
child custody being debated in court
democracy
noun
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Example: Many American policymakers that the D.P.R.K is inherently untrustworthy and desirous of the nuclear capability to protect its abhorrent political system from the forces of DEMOCRACY.
en: démocratie
referendums are a great example of democracy, because the society's choice is what's going to happen around a question
demography
noun
The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.
Example: Even so, one of the greatest difficulties when delving into accounts on the Black Death is our limited knowledge of medieval DEMOGRAPHY, with records appearing too scattered and haphazard to make a definitive statement.
en: démographie
discretion
noun
The freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation.
Example: The legal solution to many administrative disputes inevitably involves some form of judicial DISCRETION.
en: (la) liberté d'agir
gavel
noun
A small mallet with which an auctioneer, a judge, or the chair of a meeting hits a surface to call for attention or order.
Example: The judge then hit his gavel to silence the court.
en: maillet
A wooden gavel
guilty
noun
culpable of or responsible for a specified wrongdoing
Example: The jury first acquitted her but then reconsidered the verdict and declared GUILTY.
en: coupable
ideology
noun
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example: Habermas argued that this led to a 'depoliticisation' of society, which was legitimated 'by having technology and science also take on the role of an IDEOLOGY'.
en: idéologie
examples of political ideologies
justice
meritocracy
noun
Government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
Example: All societies should work by meritocracy.
en: méritocratie
myth
noun
A traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.
Example: Disney certainly utilized mythology for creating a lot of aesthetic graphics in this film and to some extent succeeded in producing the entertaining well-made love story which is inspired by Greek MYTH, however, Disney manipulates and recreates so crucial and fundamental features in the original story in order to make Hercules an appropriate protagonist for its film that we may even doubt whether there were any specific aims or benefits for Disney to choose Greek MYTH as its film's subject matter.
en: mythe
The myth of Adam and Eve
overrule
verb
Reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority.
Example: This leaves the potential for the judges to consider the detrimental effect that voiding a decision may have on those beneficiaries who relied on the decision, and the discretion not to OVERRULE it should the circumstances require.
en: rejeter
policy
noun
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.
Example: This 'crowds out' further the stimulus to the economy from an expansionary fiscal POLICY.
en: politique
questionning
noun
The action of asking someone questions, especially in an official context.
Example: The young lieutenant escorted us to the barracks for questioning.
en: questionnement
Police questionning
super-ego
Noun
The part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.
Example: The father is the model for the super-ego.
en: sur-moi

Comments

Post a Comment